Sorry-
Let me explain focal length again.
Let's say that we want to take a picture of tree. If we take a picture from 20 feet away with a 30mm lens, we see the whole tree in the picture. If we take a picture from the same spot with a 100mm lens, we see a portion of the trunk. In this example the longer focal length lets us see the bark in greater detail. That's different when it comes to macro work.
Macro work gets its detail from the fact that the subject appears on the sensor at nearly lifesize. When we look at the picture, we see the object at 4x6" or whatever resolution we're looking at it in. We can see details that the naked eye normally wouldn't.
The thing is that the MFD is measured from the sensor.
For example, I own the 100mm macro, which is approximately 5" long. The sensor is approximately 1" from the rear of the lens. The MFD of the 100mm macro is approximately 12". By subtracting the length of the lens and distance that the sensor is from the rear of the lens from the MFD, we can get the Minimum Working Distance (MWD), which for the Canon 100mm Macro is approximately 6". This means that we can photograph objects no closer than 6" from the end of the lens. This in turn means that in order to achieve maximum magnification (which generally is as I explained before; the object appears on the sensor the same size that it is in real life) you need an object right around that 6" mark.
Typically, I have my lens pretty much on the glass when taking 1:1 macro shots. Anything deeper than 6" in the tank won't be shot @ 1:1. A collapsible rubber hood can be a nice accessory when taking shots where your lens has to be up against the glass.
The 105mm Sigma and 90mm Tamron would give you the same detail when up close - the sigma has another inch of MWD, which means that you'll be able to get 1:1 shots of corals deeper in your tank. In general, longer focal lengths will give you longer working distances.
The 90mm Tamron runs about $300ish used, while the Canon 100mm USM runs about $415 used. If you can save or scrape up the extra $115, I'd highly recommend it. The extra inch of working distance will be useful as will the fact that the canon lens is an internal focusing lens. The Canon lens is also a bit better when used as a portrait lens (if that matters to you)
Confused yet?